Use
Release notes describe the new functions and changes in each SAP release. Using the Help menu, you can display release notes for any SAP application and release. You can also search for release notes using keywords and attributes.
Whenever you receive a new SAP release, you should review the release notes. The release notes describe new functions that may affect the task you perform in the system. They also describe how to change Customizing and installation parameters before upgrading from one SAP release to another.
Procedure
You can display release notes in the SAP Library or from within the SAP System.
To display release notes in the SAP System, proceed as follows:
From the menu, choose Help ® Release notes.
The Find Release Notes screen appears.
For a list of all release notes, choose Complete list 3.0/3.1 or Complete list from 4.0.
Highlight the release notes for the SAP version you want to see, and choose Choose.
A hierarchical list of the available release notes appears, with plus signs [+] to the left of every item that has sublists.
Display one of the release note sublists by double-clicking it.
The sublist appears, containing release notes, more sublists, or both. You can identify a set of release notes by the fact that no plus or minus sign appears to the left of it.
Repeat step 3 until you see the desired release notes.
Double-click the release notes you want to display.
The release notes appear. To print the selected release notes, choose Print.
Searching for Release Notes
You can search for release notes by keyword or by attribute.
A keyword is a term associated with a release note, such as "Purchasing" for release notes in purchasing.
An attribute refers to the type of information the release note contains. You can narrow the search for release notes by choosing the attributes of the release notes you want to display. For example, a release note has the attribute Changes to Customizing parameters if the new function requires a change in your system’s Customizing parameters. Thus, if you want to display all release notes requiring a change to Customizing, you can list all release notes with this attribute.
To search for release notes:
From the menu bar, choose Help ® Release notes.
To search by keyword, choose Full text search.
To search for release notes that contain only a certain type of information, choose Attribute search.
Enter your search criteria (keywords or attributes).
Choose Find.
The system displays any release notes that match your search criteria.
Monday, November 26, 2007
vb.net notes
Visual Basic.NET Course Book Notes: www.raritanval.edu/departments/cis/full-time/Schwarz/vb/ ASP.Net Course Book Notes: www.raritanval.edu/departments/cis/full-time/Schwarz/aspdotn... .Net Databases Course Book Notes: www.raritanval.edu/departments/cis/full-time/Schwarz/dotnetd... Microsoft SQL Server Course Book Notes: www.raritanval.edu/departments/cis/full-time/Schwarz/sql/ .Net Framework - Course Book Notes: www.raritanval.edu/departments/cis/full-time/Schwarz/dotnetf... .Net Framework - The Big Book: www.raritanval.edu/departments/cis/full-time/Schwarz/dotnetf... .Net Framework - OOP Notes: www.raritanval.edu/departments/cis/full-time/Schwarz/dotnetf... XML Course Notes and Learning Web Resources: www.raritanval.edu/departments/cis/full-time/Schwarz/XML/ind... Systems Analysis and Design - Course Book Notes: www.raritanval.edu/departments/CIS/full-time/Schwarz/sad/
java flow chart
Inheritance
Object-oriented programming, employs a mechanism called inheritance to design two or more entities that are different but share many common features.
First we define a class that contains the common features of the entities.
Then we define classes as an extension of the common class inheriting everything from the common class.
We call the common class the superclass and all classes that inherit from it subclasses. We also call the superclass an ancestor and the subclass a descendant.
Software Engineering and Software Life Cycle
The sequence of stages from conception to operation of a program is called software life cycle. Five stages are
Analysis
Design
Coding
Testing
Operation and Maintenance
Software engineering is the application of a systematic and disciplined approach to the development, testing, and maintenance of a program.
Having Fun with JavaSee the FunTime source
Object-oriented programming, employs a mechanism called inheritance to design two or more entities that are different but share many common features.
First we define a class that contains the common features of the entities.
Then we define classes as an extension of the common class inheriting everything from the common class.
We call the common class the superclass and all classes that inherit from it subclasses. We also call the superclass an ancestor and the subclass a descendant.
Software Engineering and Software Life Cycle
The sequence of stages from conception to operation of a program is called software life cycle. Five stages are
Analysis
Design
Coding
Testing
Operation and Maintenance
Software engineering is the application of a systematic and disciplined approach to the development, testing, and maintenance of a program.
Having Fun with JavaSee the FunTime source
Java Notes
Chapter 1 Objectives
After you have read and studied this chapter, you should be able to
Name the basic components of object-oriented programming.
Differentiate classes and objects.
Differentiate class and instance methods.
Differentiate class and instance data values.
Draw object diagrams using icons for classes, objects, and other components of object-oriented programming.
Describe the significance of inheritance in object-oriented programs.
Name and explain the stages of the software life cycle.
Classes and Objects
Object
An object is a thing, both tangible and intangible. Account, Vehicle, Employee, etc
Class
To create an object inside the computer program, we must provide a definition for an objects' behavior and the information it maintains
This definition is termed a class
Instance
An object is called an instance of a class. or instantiates the class
Graphical Representation of an Object
Graphical Representation of a Class
Instance-of Relationship
Messages and Methods
To instruct a class or an object to perform a task, we send a message to it.
You can send a message only to the classes and objects that understand the message you sent to them.
A class or an object must possess a matching method to be able to handle the received message.
A method defined for a class is called a class method, and a method defined for an object is called an instance method.
A value we pass to an object when sending a message is called an argument of the message.
Sending a Message
Sending a Message and Getting an Answer
Calling a Class Method
Summary of Class and Object Icons
Class and Instance Data Values
An object is comprised of data values and methods.
An instance data value is used to maintain information specific to individual instances. For example, each Account object maintains its balance.
A class data value is used to maintain information shared by all instances or aggregate information about the instances.
For example, minimum balance is the information shared by all Account objects, whereas the average balance of all Account objects is an aggregate information.
Sample Instance Data Value
Sample Class Data Value
Variable and Constant Data Values
There are two types of data values:
Inheritance
Object-oriented programming, employs a mechanism called inheritance to design two or more entities that are different but share many common features.
First we define a class that contains the common features of the entities.
Then we define classes as an extension of the common class inheriting everything from the common class.
We call the common class the superclass and all classes that inherit from it subclasses. We also call the superclass an ancestor and the subclass a descendant.
Software Engineering and Software Life Cycle
The sequence of stages from conception to operation of a program is called software life cycle. Five stages are
Analysis
Design
Coding
Testing
Operation and Maintenance
Software engineering is the application of a systematic and disciplined approach to the development, testing, and maintenance of a program.
Having Fun with JavaSee the FunTime source
Object Diagram for FunTime
Execution Flow of the FunTime Program
After you have read and studied this chapter, you should be able to
Name the basic components of object-oriented programming.
Differentiate classes and objects.
Differentiate class and instance methods.
Differentiate class and instance data values.
Draw object diagrams using icons for classes, objects, and other components of object-oriented programming.
Describe the significance of inheritance in object-oriented programs.
Name and explain the stages of the software life cycle.
Classes and Objects
Object
An object is a thing, both tangible and intangible. Account, Vehicle, Employee, etc
Class
To create an object inside the computer program, we must provide a definition for an objects' behavior and the information it maintains
This definition is termed a class
Instance
An object is called an instance of a class. or instantiates the class
Graphical Representation of an Object
Graphical Representation of a Class
Instance-of Relationship
Messages and Methods
To instruct a class or an object to perform a task, we send a message to it.
You can send a message only to the classes and objects that understand the message you sent to them.
A class or an object must possess a matching method to be able to handle the received message.
A method defined for a class is called a class method, and a method defined for an object is called an instance method.
A value we pass to an object when sending a message is called an argument of the message.
Sending a Message
Sending a Message and Getting an Answer
Calling a Class Method
Summary of Class and Object Icons
Class and Instance Data Values
An object is comprised of data values and methods.
An instance data value is used to maintain information specific to individual instances. For example, each Account object maintains its balance.
A class data value is used to maintain information shared by all instances or aggregate information about the instances.
For example, minimum balance is the information shared by all Account objects, whereas the average balance of all Account objects is an aggregate information.
Sample Instance Data Value
Sample Class Data Value
Variable and Constant Data Values
There are two types of data values:
Inheritance
Object-oriented programming, employs a mechanism called inheritance to design two or more entities that are different but share many common features.
First we define a class that contains the common features of the entities.
Then we define classes as an extension of the common class inheriting everything from the common class.
We call the common class the superclass and all classes that inherit from it subclasses. We also call the superclass an ancestor and the subclass a descendant.
Software Engineering and Software Life Cycle
The sequence of stages from conception to operation of a program is called software life cycle. Five stages are
Analysis
Design
Coding
Testing
Operation and Maintenance
Software engineering is the application of a systematic and disciplined approach to the development, testing, and maintenance of a program.
Having Fun with JavaSee the FunTime source
Object Diagram for FunTime
Execution Flow of the FunTime Program
sap interview questions
SAP ABAP interview questions
Thanks to the reader who sent in this question set:
What is an ABAP data dictionary?- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.
What are domains and data element?- Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
What is foreign key relationship?- A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.
Describe data classes.- Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.
What are indexes?- Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.
Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.- Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.
What is an ABAP/4 Query?- ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.
What is BDC programming?- Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications).The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.
What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.
What are internal tables?- Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables according to users need.
What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.
What is DynPro?- DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.
What are screen painter and menu painter?- Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
What are the components of SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.
What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?- ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.
What are the events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
What is CTS and what do you know about it?- The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.
What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?- To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
What is a batch input session?- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
How to upload data using CATT ?- These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
What is Smart Forms?- Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.
How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?- Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.
What is the difference between macro and subroutine?- Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION
Thanks to the reader who sent in this question set:
What is an ABAP data dictionary?- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.
What are domains and data element?- Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
What is foreign key relationship?- A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.
Describe data classes.- Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.
What are indexes?- Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.
Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.- Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.
What is an ABAP/4 Query?- ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.
What is BDC programming?- Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications).The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.
What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.
What are internal tables?- Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables according to users need.
What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.
What is DynPro?- DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.
What are screen painter and menu painter?- Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
What are the components of SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.
What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?- ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.
What are the events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
What is CTS and what do you know about it?- The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.
What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?- To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
What is a batch input session?- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
How to upload data using CATT ?- These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
What is Smart Forms?- Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.
How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?- Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.
What is the difference between macro and subroutine?- Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION
.net interview questions
Explain the life cycle of an ASP .NET page.
Explain the .NET architecture.
What are object-oriented concepts?
How do you create multiple inheritance in c# and .NET?
When is web.config called?
How many weg.configs can an application have?
How do you set language in weg.config?
What does connection string consist of?
Where do you store connection string?
What is abstract class?
What is difference between interface inhertance and class inheritance?
What are the collection classes?
What are the types of threading models?
What inheritance does VB.NET support?
What is a runtime host?
Describe the techniques for optimizing your application?
Differences between application and session
What is web application virtual directory?
Differences between Active.exe and Dll
Connection pooling in MTS?
If cookies is disabled in client browser, will session tracking work?
How do you make your site SSL-enabled?
Will the following code execute successfully: response.write(’value of i=’+i);
What are the provides available with VB.NET?
What is a Process, Sesion and Cookie?
What are Abstract base classes?
What are the Difference between bstract base classes and Abstrat classes
What are interface in .NET?
How is Polymorphism supports in .NET?
What are the 2 types of polymorphism supports in .NET?
Types of compatibilities and explain them.
What is aggregative? How can it be implements in .NET?
Difference between COM components and .NET components?how to register it
Difference between early binding and late binding?
ASP.NET OBJECTS?
Asp.NET life cycle? When request mode
Explain ADO and its objects.
What is side by side execution?
Explain serialization?
Explain a class access specifiers and method acess specifiers.
What is the difference between overloading and overriding ? how can this be .NET
Explain virtual function and its usage.
How do you implement inhetance in .NET?
If I want to override a method 1 of class A and this class B then how do you declared
Explain friend and protected friend.
Explain multiple and multi_level inheritance in .NET?
Name all kind of access specifiers for a class and for methods?
On ODP.NET
What is non-derterministic finalization?
What is isPostback property?
What is dictionary base class?
How can a class be extended and how is this mechanism difff from that of implementation an interface?
What are indexes .NET?
How can indexes be implemented in .NET?
Explain the .NET architecture.
What are object-oriented concepts?
How do you create multiple inheritance in c# and .NET?
When is web.config called?
How many weg.configs can an application have?
How do you set language in weg.config?
What does connection string consist of?
Where do you store connection string?
What is abstract class?
What is difference between interface inhertance and class inheritance?
What are the collection classes?
What are the types of threading models?
What inheritance does VB.NET support?
What is a runtime host?
Describe the techniques for optimizing your application?
Differences between application and session
What is web application virtual directory?
Differences between Active.exe and Dll
Connection pooling in MTS?
If cookies is disabled in client browser, will session tracking work?
How do you make your site SSL-enabled?
Will the following code execute successfully: response.write(’value of i=’+i);
What are the provides available with VB.NET?
What is a Process, Sesion and Cookie?
What are Abstract base classes?
What are the Difference between bstract base classes and Abstrat classes
What are interface in .NET?
How is Polymorphism supports in .NET?
What are the 2 types of polymorphism supports in .NET?
Types of compatibilities and explain them.
What is aggregative? How can it be implements in .NET?
Difference between COM components and .NET components?how to register it
Difference between early binding and late binding?
ASP.NET OBJECTS?
Asp.NET life cycle? When request mode
Explain ADO and its objects.
What is side by side execution?
Explain serialization?
Explain a class access specifiers and method acess specifiers.
What is the difference between overloading and overriding ? how can this be .NET
Explain virtual function and its usage.
How do you implement inhetance in .NET?
If I want to override a method 1 of class A and this class B then how do you declared
Explain friend and protected friend.
Explain multiple and multi_level inheritance in .NET?
Name all kind of access specifiers for a class and for methods?
On ODP.NET
What is non-derterministic finalization?
What is isPostback property?
What is dictionary base class?
How can a class be extended and how is this mechanism difff from that of implementation an interface?
What are indexes .NET?
How can indexes be implemented in .NET?
Java interview questions and answers
Question:
What is the difference between an Interface and an Abstract class?
Question:
What is the purpose of garbage collection in Java, and when is it used?
Question:
Describe synchronization in respect to multithreading.
Question:
Explain different way of using thread?
Question:
What are pass by reference and passby value?
Question:
What is HashMap and Map?
Question:
Difference between HashMap and HashTable?
Question:
Difference between Vector and ArrayList?
Question:
Difference between Swing and Awt?
Question:
What is the difference between a constructor and a method?
Question:
What is an Iterator?
Question:
State the significance of public, private, protected, default modifiers both singly and in combination and state the effect of package relationships on declared items qualified by these modifiers.
Question:
What is an abstract class?
Question:
What is static in java?
Question:
What is final?
Q:
What is the difference between an Interface and an Abstract class?
A:
An abstract class can have instance methods that implement a default behavior. An Interface can only declare constants and instance methods, but cannot implement default behavior and all methods are implicitly abstract. An interface has all public members and no implementation. An abstract class is a class which may have the usual flavors of class members (private, protected, etc.), but has some abstract methods..
---------
Q:
What is the purpose of garbage collection in Java, and when is it used?
A:
The purpose of garbage collection is to identify and discard objects that are no longer needed by a program so that their resources can be reclaimed and reused. A Java object is subject to garbage collection when it becomes unreachable to the program in which it is use
------------
Q:
Describe synchronization in respect to multithreading.
A:
With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to shared resources. Without synchonization, it is possible for one thread to modify a shared variable while another thread is in the process of using or updating same shared variable. This usually leads to significant errors.
-----------
Q:
Explain different way of using thread?
A:
The thread could be implemented by using runnable interface or by inheriting from the Thread class. The former is more advantageous, 'cause when you are going for multiple inheritance..the only interface can help.
-------------
Q:
What are pass by reference and passby value?
A:
Pass By Reference means the passing the address itself rather than passing the value. Passby Value means passing a copy of the value to be passed.
--------------
Q:
What is HashMap and Map?
A:
Map is Interface and Hashmap is class that implements that.
-------------
Q:
Difference between HashMap and HashTable?
A:
The HashMap class is roughly equivalent to Hashtable, except that it is unsynchronized and permits nulls. (HashMap allows null values as key and value whereas Hashtable doesnt allow). HashMap does not guarantee that the order of the map will remain constant over time. HashMap is unsynchronized and Hashtable is synchronized.
--------------
Q:
Difference between Vector and ArrayList?
A:
Vector is synchronized whereas arraylist is not.
------------
Q:
Difference between Swing and Awt?
A:
AWT are heavy-weight componenets. Swings are light-weight components. Hence swing works faster than AWT.
------------
Q:
What is the difference between a constructor and a method?
A:
A constructor is a member function of a class that is used to create objects of that class. It has the same name as the class itself, has no return type, and is invoked using the new operator.A method is an ordinary member function of a class. It has its own name, a return type (which may be void), and is invoked using the dot operator.
----------------
Q:
What is an Iterator?
A:
Some of the collection classes provide traversal of their contents via a java.util.Iterator interface. This interface allows you to walk through a collection of objects, operating on each object in turn. Remember when using Iterators that they contain a snapshot of the collection at the time the Iterator was obtained; generally it is not advisable to modify the collection itself while traversing an Iterator.
--------------
Q:
State the significance of public, private, protected, default modifiers both singly and in combination and state the effect of package relationships on declared items qualified by these modifiers.
A:
public : Public class is visible in other packages, field is visible everywhere (class must be public too)private : Private variables or methods may be used only by an instance of the same class that declares the variable or method, A private feature may only be accessed by the class that owns the feature.protected : Is available to all classes in the same package and also available to all subclasses of the class that owns the protected feature.This access is provided even to subclasses that reside in a different package from the class that owns the protected feature.default :What you get by default ie, without any access modifier (ie, public private or protected).It means that it is visible to all within a particular package.
-----------
Q:
What is an abstract class?
A:
Abstract class must be extended/subclassed (to be useful). It serves as a template. A class that is abstract may not be instantiated (ie, you may not call its constructor), abstract class may contain static data. Any class with an abstract method is automatically abstract itself, and must be declared as such.A class may be declared abstract even if it has no abstract methods. This prevents it from being instantiated.
------------
Q:
What is static in java?
A:
Static means one per class, not one for each object no matter how many instance of a class might exist. This means that you can use them without creating an instance of a class.Static methods are implicitly final, because overriding is done based on the type of the object, and static methods are attached to a class, not an object. A static method in a superclass can be shadowed by another static method in a subclass, as long as the original method was not declared final. However, you can't override a static method with a nonstatic method. In other words, you can't change a static method into an instance method in a subclass.
------------
Q:
What is final?
A:
A final class can't be extended ie., final class may not be subclassed. A final method can't be overridden when its class is inherited. You can't change value of a final variable (is a constant).
What is the difference between an Interface and an Abstract class?
Question:
What is the purpose of garbage collection in Java, and when is it used?
Question:
Describe synchronization in respect to multithreading.
Question:
Explain different way of using thread?
Question:
What are pass by reference and passby value?
Question:
What is HashMap and Map?
Question:
Difference between HashMap and HashTable?
Question:
Difference between Vector and ArrayList?
Question:
Difference between Swing and Awt?
Question:
What is the difference between a constructor and a method?
Question:
What is an Iterator?
Question:
State the significance of public, private, protected, default modifiers both singly and in combination and state the effect of package relationships on declared items qualified by these modifiers.
Question:
What is an abstract class?
Question:
What is static in java?
Question:
What is final?
Q:
What is the difference between an Interface and an Abstract class?
A:
An abstract class can have instance methods that implement a default behavior. An Interface can only declare constants and instance methods, but cannot implement default behavior and all methods are implicitly abstract. An interface has all public members and no implementation. An abstract class is a class which may have the usual flavors of class members (private, protected, etc.), but has some abstract methods..
---------
Q:
What is the purpose of garbage collection in Java, and when is it used?
A:
The purpose of garbage collection is to identify and discard objects that are no longer needed by a program so that their resources can be reclaimed and reused. A Java object is subject to garbage collection when it becomes unreachable to the program in which it is use
------------
Q:
Describe synchronization in respect to multithreading.
A:
With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to shared resources. Without synchonization, it is possible for one thread to modify a shared variable while another thread is in the process of using or updating same shared variable. This usually leads to significant errors.
-----------
Q:
Explain different way of using thread?
A:
The thread could be implemented by using runnable interface or by inheriting from the Thread class. The former is more advantageous, 'cause when you are going for multiple inheritance..the only interface can help.
-------------
Q:
What are pass by reference and passby value?
A:
Pass By Reference means the passing the address itself rather than passing the value. Passby Value means passing a copy of the value to be passed.
--------------
Q:
What is HashMap and Map?
A:
Map is Interface and Hashmap is class that implements that.
-------------
Q:
Difference between HashMap and HashTable?
A:
The HashMap class is roughly equivalent to Hashtable, except that it is unsynchronized and permits nulls. (HashMap allows null values as key and value whereas Hashtable doesnt allow). HashMap does not guarantee that the order of the map will remain constant over time. HashMap is unsynchronized and Hashtable is synchronized.
--------------
Q:
Difference between Vector and ArrayList?
A:
Vector is synchronized whereas arraylist is not.
------------
Q:
Difference between Swing and Awt?
A:
AWT are heavy-weight componenets. Swings are light-weight components. Hence swing works faster than AWT.
------------
Q:
What is the difference between a constructor and a method?
A:
A constructor is a member function of a class that is used to create objects of that class. It has the same name as the class itself, has no return type, and is invoked using the new operator.A method is an ordinary member function of a class. It has its own name, a return type (which may be void), and is invoked using the dot operator.
----------------
Q:
What is an Iterator?
A:
Some of the collection classes provide traversal of their contents via a java.util.Iterator interface. This interface allows you to walk through a collection of objects, operating on each object in turn. Remember when using Iterators that they contain a snapshot of the collection at the time the Iterator was obtained; generally it is not advisable to modify the collection itself while traversing an Iterator.
--------------
Q:
State the significance of public, private, protected, default modifiers both singly and in combination and state the effect of package relationships on declared items qualified by these modifiers.
A:
public : Public class is visible in other packages, field is visible everywhere (class must be public too)private : Private variables or methods may be used only by an instance of the same class that declares the variable or method, A private feature may only be accessed by the class that owns the feature.protected : Is available to all classes in the same package and also available to all subclasses of the class that owns the protected feature.This access is provided even to subclasses that reside in a different package from the class that owns the protected feature.default :What you get by default ie, without any access modifier (ie, public private or protected).It means that it is visible to all within a particular package.
-----------
Q:
What is an abstract class?
A:
Abstract class must be extended/subclassed (to be useful). It serves as a template. A class that is abstract may not be instantiated (ie, you may not call its constructor), abstract class may contain static data. Any class with an abstract method is automatically abstract itself, and must be declared as such.A class may be declared abstract even if it has no abstract methods. This prevents it from being instantiated.
------------
Q:
What is static in java?
A:
Static means one per class, not one for each object no matter how many instance of a class might exist. This means that you can use them without creating an instance of a class.Static methods are implicitly final, because overriding is done based on the type of the object, and static methods are attached to a class, not an object. A static method in a superclass can be shadowed by another static method in a subclass, as long as the original method was not declared final. However, you can't override a static method with a nonstatic method. In other words, you can't change a static method into an instance method in a subclass.
------------
Q:
What is final?
A:
A final class can't be extended ie., final class may not be subclassed. A final method can't be overridden when its class is inherited. You can't change value of a final variable (is a constant).
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